Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

79
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
79
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

34.6K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
34.6K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

54.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
54.8K
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

168
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
168

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3 suppresses Soybean mosaic virus by coordinating photosynthetic protection, ROS homeostasis and hormone-mediated immunity.

Pest management science·2026
Same author

Multi-parameter tuning and aN/√Hz high-sensitivity force sensing based on arrayed graphene optomechanical resonators.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Gum arabic-coated urolithin A liposome nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization, bioavailability and improved alleviation on NAFLD activity in vivo.

Carbohydrate polymers·2026
Same author

Self-injection blue laser interferometric salinometer via configurable beating frequency.

Optics express·2026
Same author

New Insight into the Multi-Scale Structure and Anti-Digestibility of Nano-Scale Amylopectin Ternary Assemblies Prepared Under High-Power Ultrasound.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Effects of Phenolic Acids with Different Structures and Lauric Acid on the Digestive Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics of Breadfruit Starch.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents
09:43

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

Published on: August 10, 2014

46.0K

Effects of the Interaction Between Time-on-Task and Task Load on Response Lapses.

Jingqiang Li1, Yanru Zhou2,3, Tianci Hao1

  • 1Safety Science and Engineering College, Civil Aviation University of China, No. 2898 Jinbei Highway Dongli District, Tianjin 300300, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prolonged work and high task loads impair cognitive function, increasing response lapses. Strategies are needed to manage fatigue and improve work schedules for professionals in demanding jobs.

Keywords:
fNIRSresponse lapsestask loadtime-on-task

More Related Videos

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.2K
Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents
09:43

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

Published on: August 10, 2014

46.0K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.2K
Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Professionals in high-demand fields like aviation, transportation, and healthcare often work extended hours with variable task loads.
  • The combined impact of prolonged work and fluctuating task demands on performance lapses, specifically delayed and error responses, is not well understood.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective fatigue management and safety protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how prolonged work periods and varying task loads interact to influence response lapses.
  • To investigate the underlying neural mechanisms, including brain functional connectivity, associated with these performance decrements.
  • To identify critical thresholds in time-on-task and task load that challenge cognitive resource regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty participants performed the Uchida-Kraepelin (U-K) Psychological Test and a dual-task paradigm.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure brain activity and functional connectivity.
  • Independent variables included time-on-task and task load; dependent variables encompassed fatigue, arousal, workload, and performance metrics (delay and error rates).

Main Results:

  • Both extended work duration and high task load significantly impacted brain connectivity, response lapses, workload, fatigue, and arousal.
  • After 60 minutes of work, arousal levels decreased, and reaction times increased.
  • High task loads after 90 minutes of work impaired cognitive resource regulation, evidenced by reduced prefrontal-occipital cortex connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the mechanisms behind response lapses under combined stressors of prolonged work and high task load.
  • Findings suggest that cognitive resource management becomes significantly difficult beyond 90 minutes of work, particularly under high task demands.
  • The results offer a basis for optimizing work schedules and fatigue management strategies in safety-critical industries to reduce errors and improve performance.