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Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy-A Path Yet to Discover and Walk
Ioannis Paraskevaidis1, Christos Kourek2, Dimitrios Farmakis3
16th Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, 151 23 Athens, Greece.
Insights
Understanding heart failure requires exploring its energetic starvation model. New imaging, biomedicine, nanotechnology, and AI can reveal metabolic changes for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Heart failure is a complex syndrome primarily understood through its phenotypic presentation.
- The heart is the most energy-intensive organ, crucial for functions like ion exchange and excitation-contraction coupling.
- Current understanding of heart failure pathogenesis lacks focus on the energetic starvation model.
Purpose of the Study:
- To emphasize the importance of the energetic starvation model in understanding heart failure.
- To explore how advancements in technology can elucidate cardiac energy metabolism.
- To encourage further research into the metabolic underpinnings of heart failure.
Main Methods:
- Review of current understanding of cardiac energy metabolism.
- Discussion of novel approaches including advanced imaging, biomedicine, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence.
- Synthesis of existing knowledge to propose a new research direction.
Main Results:
- Cardiac energy metabolism plays a critical role in heart failure pathophysiology.
- Technological advancements offer unprecedented opportunities to study cardiac energetics.
- The energetic starvation model provides a novel framework for investigating heart failure.
Conclusions:
- A deeper understanding of cardiac energy metabolism is essential for characterizing heart failure.
- Integrating advanced technologies can reveal crucial metabolic changes in heart disease.
- Focusing on energetic deficiency may lead to earlier detection and more effective therapies for heart failure.
Abstract:
Heart failure is a complex syndrome and our understanding and therapeutic approach relies mostly on its phenotypic presentation. Notably, the heart is characterized as the most energy-consuming organ, being both a producer and consumer, in order to satisfy multiple cardiac functions: ion exchange, electromechanical coordination, excitation-contraction coupling, etc. By obtaining further knowledge of the cardiac energy field, we can probably better characterize the basic pathophysiological events occurring in heart disease patients and understand the metabolic substance changes, the relationship between the alteration of energy production/consumption, and hence energetic deficiency not only in the heart as a whole but in every single cardiac territory, which will hopefully provide us with the opportunity to uncover the beginning of the heart failure process. In this respect, using (a) newer imaging techniques, (b) biomedicine, (c) nanotechnology, and (d) artificial intelligence, we can gain a deeper understanding of this complex syndrome. This, in turn, can lead to earlier and more effective therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving human health. To date, the scientific community has not given sufficient attention to the energetic starvation model. In our view, this review aims to encourage scientists and the medical community to conduct studies for a better understanding and treatment of this syndrome.
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