Neurobiological Changes Induced by Mindfulness and Meditation: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychology

Background:

• Meditation and mindfulness are ancient practices that enhance mental well-being.
• These practices are known to induce neuroplasticity, affecting brain structure and function.
• Existing research suggests benefits for emotional regulation and stress resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize the neurobiological changes associated with mindfulness and meditation.
• To examine the impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on brain regions and psychological outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of studies identified through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase.
• No search time range was imposed.
• Review registered on Open OSF (GV2JY).

Main Results:

• Mindfulness practices, especially MBSR, enhance brain regions involved in emotional processing and sensory perception.
• MBSR demonstrates unique pain reduction mechanisms compared to placebo.
• Improvements observed in emotional regulation, cognitive function, and stress resilience.

Conclusions:

• Mindfulness, particularly MBSR, positively impacts brain structure, emotional regulation, and stress resilience.
• Further research is needed in diverse populations and naturalistic settings to optimize benefits.