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Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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Intrapartum Electronic Cigarette Use and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from a Population-Based Study.

Michelle Azar1, M Elena Oatey2, Michelle H Moniz3

  • 1College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electronic cigarette (EC) use during pregnancy is linked to lower birth weight. Both EC and combustible cigarette (CC) use pose risks, and neither should be considered a safe alternative for pregnant individuals.

Keywords:
APGARNICUadverse effectsarterial cord pHassisted ventilationbirthweightcombustible cigarettemarijuananeonatalneonatal antibioticsvape

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Combustible cigarette (CC) use during pregnancy is known to harm fetal development.
  • The health impacts of newer electronic cigarette (EC) alternatives during pregnancy are less understood.
  • This study investigates the association between EC use and adverse birth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if electronic cigarette (EC) use during pregnancy predicts an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes.
  • To compare birth outcomes between pregnant individuals using ECs, CCs, and neither.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Obstetrics Initiative (OBI) clinical registry.
  • Inclusion criteria: nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex fetal presentation pregnancies.
  • Comparison of three groups: Controls (non-smokers), EC users, and CC users, controlling for background differences.

Main Results:

  • Electronic cigarette (EC) users had significantly lower birth weight compared to controls.
  • Combustible cigarette (CC) users experienced reduced birth weight and higher rates of arterial cord pH < 7.1 compared to controls.
  • CC users had higher rates of neonatal antibiotic use and NICU admission compared to EC users.

Conclusions:

  • Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are not safer alternatives to combustible cigarettes (CCs) during pregnancy and their use should be discouraged.
  • While not statistically significant in this study, trends suggest potential increased risks for adverse neonatal outcomes with EC use.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes and consideration of exposure frequency/timing is warranted to fully understand EC risks in pregnancy.