A Compact Wideband Vivaldi Antenna for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

Due to the high gain, wide bandwidth, and directional radiation characteristics of Vivaldi antennas, this paper conducted relevant research on the feasibility of non-destructive blood glucose detection based on Vivaldi antennas. The research included finite element method (FEM) simulation and glucose concentration monitoring. In the simulation stage, the power transmission and reflection characteristics, radiation characteristics, and electric field distribution characteristics of the antenna were described in detail. In the test stage, the S₁₁ response of the antenna to variation in glucose concentration in the range of 0-6.11 mg/mL was measured, including the S₁₁ amplitude and phase. The experimental results show that there is a high linear correlation between the S₁₁ response and glucose concentration, and the sensitivity of the S₁₁ amplitude response to the variation in glucose concentration is close to 0.3445 (dB/(mg/mL)) at 14.2556 GHz, and the sensitivity of the S₁₁ phase response to the variation in glucose concentration is about 0.5652 (degree/(mg/mL)) at 14.37 GHz. In addition, the predicted results of the glucose concentration based on linear regression are discussed.