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Chronic Hepatitis D Virus Infection and Its Treatment: A Narrative Review
Poonam Mathur1, Arshi Khanam1, Shyam Kottilil1
1Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Microorganisms
|November 27, 2024
Summary
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is severe, accelerating liver disease. New antivirals, like buleviritide and lonafarnib, show promise in combination with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) for better HDV suppression.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is the most severe form of viral hepatitis, necessitating hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection.
- HDV infection accelerates liver disease progression, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Current treatments lack reliable HDV eradication and have limited efficacy and tolerability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the characteristics of HDV infection.
- To review existing and novel antiviral therapies for HDV.
- To highlight the potential of new agents in combination therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on HDV infection and its management.
- Analysis of the mechanisms of action for novel antiviral therapies.
- Discussion of clinical trial data for emerging HDV treatments.
Main Results:
- Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is the only approved treatment, suppressing HDV RNA but with low cure rates and adverse effects.
- Newer antivirals targeting HDV entry (bulevirtide), assembly (lonafarnib), and export (REP-2139) show promising results.
- Combination therapies with PEG-IFN and novel agents aim for improved long-term HDV RNA suppression.
Conclusions:
- Effective and tolerable treatments for chronic HDV infection are urgently needed.
- Emerging antiviral therapies offer new hope for managing HDV infection.
- Combination strategies may be key to achieving sustained viral suppression and improving patient outcomes.
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