PLA- and PHA-Biopolyester-Based Electrospun Materials: Development, Legislation, and Food Packaging Applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Food Science

Background:

• Growing plastic waste necessitates sustainable alternatives in food packaging.
• Biodegradable polyesters, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are promising candidates.
• Electrospinning technology enhances the properties of these biopolymers for packaging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review recent advancements in PLA- and PHA-based electrospun materials for food packaging.
• To summarize fabrication techniques, material characteristics, applications, and patents.
• To detail the legislation governing biodegradability assessment.

Main Methods:

• Review of electrospinning techniques (e.g., uniaxial, coaxial, needleless).
• Analysis of single and multilayered electrospun structures.
• Incorporation of active compounds (natural extracts, nanoparticles) into packaging.

Main Results:

• Electrospun PLA and PHA materials demonstrate significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
• These materials effectively extend the shelf life of various food products (fruits, meat, fish, bread).
• Biodegradability is influenced by polymer type, environmental conditions, and testing standards (ASTM, ISO).

Conclusions:

• Electrospun PLA and PHA biopolyesters represent a sustainable and functional approach to food packaging.
• Active packaging systems incorporating natural compounds enhance food preservation.
• Further research into biodegradation processes and standardization is crucial for widespread adoption.