High-Precision Two-Dimensional Angular Sensor Based on Talbot Effect

The precision of two-dimensional angular sensing is crucial for applications such as navigation, robotics, and optical alignment. Conventional methods often struggle to balance precision, dynamic range, and affordability. We introduce a novel method leveraging the Talbot effect, enhanced by 3D printing technology, to fabricate a grating prototype for high-precision angular measurements. The method detects amplitude grating displacement at the self-imaging position and employs a frequency filtering algorithm for improved accuracy. Rigorous validation through simulations and physical experiments demonstrates that our method achieves a detection resolution of 0.4 arcseconds and a dynamic range exceeding 1400 arcseconds. This research presents a cost-effective, high-precision angular detection solution with potential for broad application in precision mechanical assembly, optical alignment, and other relevant domains.