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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli
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Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foam Biocomposites with Enhanced Flame Retardancy.

Grzegorz Węgrzyk1, Dominik Grzęda1, Milena Leszczyńska1

  • 1Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.

Polymers
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Estimation of Density Distribution in a Rigid PU Foam Block Manufactured in a Sealed Mold.

Polymers·2026
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Tracking the Progress of Biocomposites Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with Hypromellose Additives via Thermal Analysis, Mechanical Properties, and Biological Studies.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
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Improving Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Properties Using Nanocellulose in Biomedical Applications: Thermal, Mechanical and Biological Studies.

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Viscoelastic Foams with Enhanced Fire Resistance Using Additive and Reactive Flame Retardants.

Polymers·2025
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Structure and Properties of Sprayed Polyurethane Bio-Based Foams Produced Under Varying Fabrication Parameters.

Polymers·2025
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Thermal Degradation and Flame Resistance Mechanism of Phosphorous-Based Flame Retardant of ABS Composites Used in 3D Printing Technology.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

This study developed sustainable viscoelastic polyurethane foam using blackcurrant pomace and expandable graphite. The resulting biocomposites significantly reduced flammability, meeting stringent fire safety standards.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Growing demand for viscoelastic polyurethane foams necessitates sustainable raw materials.
  • Existing foams require cost-effective production without compromising performance or fire safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop viscoelastic polyurethane foam composites with reduced flammability.
  • Incorporate a high proportion of renewable raw materials.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced blackcurrant pomace, expandable graphite, and a blowing agent into a polyurethane foam formulation with a reactive flame retardant.
  • Evaluated effects on foaming, flammability, chemical/cellular structure, thermal, and physico-mechanical properties.

Main Results:

Keywords:
blackcurrant pomaceflame retardantsnatural fillerrenewable sourcesthird-generation blowing agentviscoelastic polyurethane foams

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  • Composites with 30 php blackcurrant pomace and 15 php expandable graphite showed a 52% reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRRmax).
  • Addition of a blowing agent further reduced pHRRmax by 67% compared to the reference.
  • Biocomposites achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of 26-28% and UL-94 V-0 flammability rating.

Conclusions:

  • Developed biocomposites demonstrate significantly reduced flammability and desirable physical/mechanical properties.
  • These materials show high potential for applications requiring enhanced fire safety and sustainability.