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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Characterizing Host microRNA: Virus Interactions of Orthoavulavirus javaense.

Megan C Mears¹, Abhijeet Bakre¹

¹Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.

|November 27, 2024

Summary

Viruses like Orthoavulavirus javaense can disrupt host gene regulation by mimicking or sponging microRNAs (miRNAs). Virulent strains show more viral seed mimics, impacting poultry disease outcomes.

Keywords:

Newcastle disease virus Orthoavulavirus javaense miRNAs viral seed mimic viral seed sponge

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Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through sequence complementarity with target transcripts.
Viruses may exploit host miRNA machinery to modulate host gene expression during infection.
Orthoavulavirus javaense (OAVJ) causes Newcastle disease, impacting poultry economically.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if OAVJ genomes contain sequences that mimic or complement host miRNA seed sites.
To determine if viral seed mimics (vSMs) or viral seed sponges (vSSs) influence host gene regulation during OAVJ infection.
To compare vSM and vSS content between low-virulence (lentogenic) and virulent (velogenic) OAVJ strains.

Main Methods:

Computational analysis of OAVJ genomes from lentogenic and velogenic strains.
Identification and characterization of viral seed mimics (vSMs) and viral seed sponges (vSSs).
Analysis of secondary RNA structures flanking vSMs and vSSs.
Experimental validation of miRNA-host gene interactions.

Main Results:

OAVJ genomes harbor vSMs and vSSs capable of interacting with host miRNAs.
Velogenic OAVJ strains possess a significantly higher number of vSMs and fewer vSSs compared to lentogenic strains.
Viral transcripts exhibit structural features similar to miRNA precursors.
Modulation of vSS-miR-27b-5p affected P gene expression in a sequence-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

Viral transcripts can interfere with host miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
Differences in vSM and vSS content may correlate with OAVJ virulence.
OAVJ utilizes host miRNA pathways to alter cellular processes and infection outcomes.