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Contrast agents for MR enterography.

A Álvarez-Cofiño Tuñón1, M da Silva Torres1, A Fernández Del Valle1

  • 1Sección de Radiología Abdominal, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance enterography uses contrast agents to visualize the bowel. This review examines different agents for optimal gastrointestinal imaging quality and patient comfort.

Keywords:
Biphasic contrast agentsContrastes bifásicosCrohn’s diseaseEnfermedad de CrohnEnfermedad inflamatoria intestinalEnteral contrast agentsEnterografía por resonancia magnéticaGastrointestinal imagingImagen gastrointestinalInflammatory bowel diseasesMagnetic resonance enterographyMedios de contraste enteral

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is a key imaging modality for inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • Advancements in MRI technology, including ultrafast sequences and phased-array coils, have improved gastrointestinal tract imaging.
  • Optimal MRE quality necessitates bowel distension using oral or rectal contrast agents for enhanced intestinal wall visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various contrast agents used in intestinal MRI.
  • To analyze their effects on image quality, including signal intensity and lumen appearance.
  • To discuss their clinical applications, indications, and limitations in MRE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of contrast agents employed in magnetic resonance enterography.
  • Analysis of contrast agent properties: positive, negative, and biphasic.
  • Evaluation of signal characteristics (T1 and T2 weighting) and their impact on image interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Biphasic contrast agents (e.g., PEG, mannitol) are commonly used, providing hyperintense T2 and hypointense T1 signals.
  • Achieving a "black" intestinal lumen on T1-weighted sequences is crucial for assessing mucosal enhancement.
  • While cost-effective, current biphasic agents can cause patient discomfort; ideal negative agents are not yet available.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of contrast agent significantly impacts MRE image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
  • Balancing image enhancement, patient tolerance, and agent availability is essential for effective MRE.
  • Further research into ideal, well-tolerated negative contrast agents is warranted for improved MRE examinations.