[Expert consensus on Chinese external treatment protocol for acute external ankle ligament injury]

Acute lateral ankle ligament injuries represent a prevalent form of joint sports trauma, with their occurrence increasing alongside the expanding sports demographic. Inadequate initial management of these injuries can precipitate chronic pain, joint instability, and related complications, sometimes necessitating surgical intervention. Chinese medicine, renowned for its long history and extensive experience in treating ligament injuries, is frequently integrated with modern medical practices for a comprehensive treatment approach. Addressing the distinct phases of tissue damage and repair in acute ligament injuries-early, middle, and late-expert group summarizes relevant research evidence and develops a three-stage treatment plan for Chinese medicine, and a new three-phase external treatment protocol was proposed by experts. The focus of the proposed protocol is on "cooling blood to stop bleeding, activating blood circulation and removing stasis, and harmonizing and regenerating new tissue, " tailored to the specific characteristics of each stage. To enhance the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of healthcare professionals and standardize the management of acute lateral ankle ligament injuries, an expert consensus was formulated using a combination of clinical research, practical experience, and the Delphi method. The aim of the consensus is to refine the accuracy and efficacy of diagnosis and treatment through evidence-based practices and expert opinions.