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Soil microbiomes show consistent and predictable responses to extreme events.

Christopher G Knight1, Océane Nicolitch2, Rob I Griffiths3,4

  • 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. chris.knight@manchester.ac.uk.

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Soil microbes show consistent responses to extreme climate events like heat, drought, flood, and freezing. Understanding these soil microbiome shifts is key to predicting ecosystem impacts and developing climate change resilience strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Extreme climatic events pose a significant threat to terrestrial ecosystem functioning.
  • Soil microbes are critical regulators of biogeochemical processes, making their response to climate extremes vital for ecosystem predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of soil microbial communities and their functions to various extreme climatic events.
  • To determine if soil microbiomes share unified responses to climate extremes and identify factors influencing vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Soils from 30 European grasslands were subjected to controlled drought, flood, freezing, and heat treatments.
  • Soil microbial communities and their functioning were compared between extreme event-treated soils and undisturbed controls.
  • Gene expression related to dormancy, sporulation, and metabolic versatility was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Soil microbiomes exhibited a consistent, phylogenetically conserved response across imposed extreme events.
  • Heat treatment most significantly impacted soil microbiomes, increasing dormancy/sporulation genes and reducing metabolic versatility.
  • Vulnerability to heat stress was predictable based on local climate and soil properties, with non-native conditions posing higher risks.

Conclusions:

  • Soil microbiomes demonstrate shared responses to extreme climatic events globally.
  • Predicting the magnitude of microbial community shifts requires considering local climatic conditions and soil characteristics.
  • This research provides foundational insights for predicting the broader impacts of extreme climate events on soil functioning.