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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

GABA-activated Single-channel and Tonic Currents in Rat Brain Slices
Published on: July 17, 2011
The pentameric chloride channel BEST1 is activated by extracellular GABA
Swati Pant1,2, Stephanie W Tam1,3, Stephen B Long1
1Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Abstract:
Bestrophin 1 (BEST1) is chloride channel expressed in the eye, central nervous system (CNS), and other tissues in the body. A link between BEST1 and the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proposed. The most appreciated receptors for extracellular GABA are the GABAB G-protein coupled receptors and the pentameric GABAA chloride channels, both of which have fundamental roles in the CNS. Here, we demonstrate that BEST1 is directly activated by GABA. Through functional studies and atomic-resolution structures of human and chicken BEST1, we identify a GABA binding site on the channel's extracellular side and determine the mechanism by which GABA binding induces opening of the channel's central gate. This same gate is activated by intracellular [Ca2+], indicating that BEST1 is controlled by ligands from both sides of the membrane. The studies demonstrate that BEST1, which shares no structural homology with GABAA, is a GABA-activated chloride channel. The physiological implications of this finding remain to be studied.
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