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Related Experiment Videos

Acute pain response in infants: a multidimensional description.

Celeste C Johnston1, Mary Ellen Strada

  • 1Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que. H3H 1P3 Canada.

Pain
|March 1, 1986
PubMed
Summary

Infant pain responses during immunization vary, but facial expressions consistently indicate pain. Heart rate, crying, and body movements also show distinct patterns during immunization procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pain Management
  • Infant Behavior

Background:

  • Assessing pain in infants is challenging due to communication limitations.
  • Routine immunizations are a common source of acute pain in infants.
  • Multidimensional assessment of infant responses is crucial for accurate pain evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate multidimensional pain responses in infants during routine immunization.
  • To identify consistent indicators of pain across different infants.
  • To analyze physiological and behavioral changes associated with immunization pain.

Main Methods:

  • Studied fourteen infants undergoing routine immunization.
  • Measured heart rate, crying patterns (voice spectrographs), and body movement/posturing.

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  • Observed facial expressions as an indicator of pain.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variability observed in heart rate, crying, and body movements.
    • Facial expressions of pain were consistent across all infants.
    • A distinct temporal pattern of pain response emerged, including heart rate changes, cry characteristics, and body rigidity.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial expression appears to be the most reliable indicator of pain in infants during immunization.
    • Multidimensional assessment provides a comprehensive understanding of infant pain responses.
    • Further research is needed to refine pain assessment tools for infants.