Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.4K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.3K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

96
Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence...
96
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

298
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
298
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

91
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
91

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

State-switching navigation strategies in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> are beneficial for chemotaxis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Single-Cell Perturbations Reveal Selective Modulation of Causal Connectivity During Decision-Making.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Neural circuit models for evidence accumulation through choice-selective sequences.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

David Sussillo.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Vectorized instructive signals in cortical dendrites.

Nature·2026
Same author

Compact deep neural network models of the visual cortex.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.8K

Individual variability of neural computations underlying flexible decisions.

Marino Pagan1,2, Vincent D Tang3, Mikio C Aoi3,4

  • 1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA. mpagan@ed.ac.uk.

Nature
|November 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new task to understand how the brain makes context-dependent decisions. They found significant individual differences in neural activity and behavior, even with similar task performance.

More Related Videos

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.5K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.8K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.5K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision-Making
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Flexible switching of responses based on context is crucial for navigating complex environments.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent computations remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding decision-making processes is vital across biological and artificial systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and utilize a novel behavioral task in rats to investigate context-dependent evidence accumulation for decision-making.
  • To mathematically model the dynamical solutions supporting context-dependent computations.
  • To analyze individual variability in neural and behavioral strategies for decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an automated, high-throughput behavioral task for training rats.
  • Mathematical modeling to identify potential dynamical solutions for context-dependent computations.
  • Electrophysiological and behavioral data analysis to examine neural and behavioral heterogeneity across subjects.

Main Results:

  • The study identified three core dynamical solutions that can support context-dependent decision-making computations.
  • Behavioral and neural analyses revealed substantial individual variability in rats' decision-making strategies, despite consistent performance.
  • A predicted link between specific behavioral and neural signatures was robustly supported by the data.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide an experimentally validated theoretical framework for analyzing individual variability in decision-making.
  • The study opens avenues for high-resolution investigations into individual differences in cognitive processes.
  • The research offers insights into the general neural mechanisms governing context-dependent computations.