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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Published on: September 17, 2014

Refillable Drug Reservoirs for Retinal Vascular Diseases.

Andrew J Clark¹, Carl Regillo², Shamika Gune³

¹From California Retina Consultants (A.J.C., D.J.P.), San Luis Obispo, California.

American Journal of Ophthalmology

|November 28, 2024

Summary

Refillable drug delivery devices for retinal vascular disease show promise for reducing treatment burden. Despite challenges, ongoing development of this sustained drug delivery technology could improve patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Published on: September 17, 2014

Author Spotlight: Advancing Vision Restoration - Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Retinal Diseases

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Published on: October 6, 2023

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomedical Engineering
Pharmacology

Background:

Retinal vascular diseases necessitate frequent treatments, impacting patient adherence and real-world visual outcomes.
Current treatment regimens pose a significant burden on patients, often leading to suboptimal results compared to clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the potential of sustained drug delivery devices with refillable reservoirs for managing retinal vascular diseases.
To address the challenges associated with frequent intravitreal injections in chronic eye conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of sustained drug delivery devices, focusing on those with refillable reservoirs.
Examination of the development and clinical trial history of such devices, including the Port Delivery System (PDS) with ranibizumab.
Analysis of product quality challenges and subsequent market reintroduction of the PDS.

Main Results:

Few refillable reservoir devices have advanced to human clinical trials.
The Port Delivery System (PDS) with ranibizumab received FDA approval but was voluntarily withdrawn due to product quality issues.
The PDS has since been reintroduced after device modifications, including the refill-exchange needle.

Conclusions:

Devices with refillable reservoirs present inherent complexities and development challenges.
The potential benefits for patient outcomes warrant continued research and development in refillable sustained drug delivery technology for retinal diseases.