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Published on: February 28, 2025
PTPN23-dependent ESCRT machinery functions as a cell death checkpoint.
Dongyan Song1,2, Yuxin Cen1,2, Zhe Qian1,2
1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 23 (PTPN23) acts as a cell death checkpoint. Its loss activates multiple cell death pathways by disrupting endosomal sorting of death receptors and toll-like receptors.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Immunology
- Molecular oncology
Background:
- Cell death plasticity is vital for tissue homeostasis and immune responses.
- Molecular regulators of cell death pathways determining cell fate are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify molecular components regulating cell death pathways.
- To elucidate the role of PTPN23 in cell fate determination and immune signaling.
Main Methods:
- CRISPR screening in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
- Analysis of cell death pathways (apoptotic, necroptotic, pyroptotic).
- Proximity-dependent biotin labeling and ESCRT pathway analysis.
Main Results:
- PTPN23 was identified as essential for cell survival.
- PTPN23 loss activates NF-κB, apoptotic, necroptotic, and pyroptotic pathways.
- PTPN23 regulates endosomal sorting of death receptors and TLRs via the ESCRT pathway.
- NAK-associated protein 1 interacts with PTPN23 to control TNFR1 endosomal sorting.
Conclusions:
- PTPN23-dependent ESCRT machinery functions as a cell death checkpoint.
- This checkpoint regulates the distribution of death receptors and TLRs, restraining multiple cell death pathways.
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Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...