EQ‑5D‑Y-3L population norms for children and adolescents in Jiangsu, China

This study aims to establish EQ-5D-Y-3L population norms in Jiangsu, China by conducting a large-scale cross-sectional survey.

Children and adolescents aged 9-17 from three cities of Jiangsu Province were selected by multistage stratified random sampling to complete the EQ-5D-Y-3L instrument independently. Population norms for Jiangsu, China were determined by calculating statistics based on age and gender. Logistic and Tobit regression models were employed to explain the relationship between HRQoL and factors such as sociodemographic characteristics/recent acute symptoms (experienced fever/cough/sore throat/diarrhea in the past two weeks).

Three cities yielded 37,574 valid samples (a sample validity rate of 95.4%). The EQ-5D-Y-3L utility values (mean ± SD) were 0.964 ± 0.085 for males and 0.958 ± 0.077 for females. Males scored 85.94 ± 19.62 and females scored 84.83 ± 18.45 on the VAS (mean ± SD), while the percentages of respondents reporting full health ranged from 58.3 to 78.8%. The dimension in which most respondents reported having no problems was "feeling worried, sad, or unhappy" (23.0%). And the lowest HRQoL was shown in the 14-year-old age group. Gender, age, board at school, and BMI were found to have an association with HRQoL. In addition, recent acute symptoms also correlate with some aspects of HRQoL.

This study established EQ-5D-Y-3L population norms in Jiangsu, China for the first time. These norms will support resource allocation decision-making and be used as a reference for health evaluation studies.