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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

575
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
575
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

528
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
528
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.6K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
1.6K
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

730
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
730
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

3.2K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
3.2K
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

567
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
567

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Breast thermography: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ane Goñi-Arana1, Jorge Pérez-Martín2, Francisco Javier Díez2

  • 1Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 16, Madrid, 28040, Spain. agoni@dia.uned.es.

Systematic Reviews
|November 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Breast thermography shows high sensitivity for breast cancer detection, with specificity improving over time. Recent studies suggest its effectiveness may rival standard diagnostic tests, especially with advancements in infrared technology.

Keywords:
Breast cancerInfrared thermographyMeta-analysisSystematic reviewThermal imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging
  • Oncology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Breast thermography, initially developed in the 1950s, faced challenges due to inconsistent results.
  • Modern advancements in infrared technology and image processing have revitalized interest in thermography.
  • This review assesses current scientific evidence on digital infrared imaging for breast cancer detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated and objective evaluation of breast thermography's effectiveness.
  • To analyze its utility as both a breast cancer screening and diagnostic tool.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus for studies published between 2001 and May 2023.
  • Inclusion criteria: digital long-wave infrared imaging studies evaluating breast cancer detection, reporting sensitivity/specificity, and using self-collected images with at least five cancer cases.
  • Meta-analysis of pooled sensitivity and specificity, including bivariate meta-analysis for correlated metrics.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two studies were included, yielding an average pooled sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 71.8%.
  • Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (79.3% for sensitivity, 99.1% for specificity) due to variations in patient selection, protocols, and equipment.
  • While sensitivity was consistently high, specificity showed improvement over time.

Conclusions:

  • Breast thermography demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting breast cancer, with improving specificity in recent years.
  • The latest studies indicate performance comparable to standard diagnostic methods, particularly in larger trials with diverse patient populations.
  • Further research in larger, diverse cohorts is warranted to fully establish its role in breast cancer diagnostics.