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Related Concept Videos

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics01:22

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, or anticholinesterases, enhance the body's cholinergic activity by inhibiting acetylcholine's breakdown. They are categorized as reversible or irreversible agents based on their mechanism of action. They are further classified into short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting agents based on their duration of action.
Reversible agents containing quaternary amines, such as neostigmine and edrophonium, are not easily absorbed orally because they...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
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MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING IN YOUNG ADULTS.

Salma Shazia1, Omair Khan Jadoon1, Mahwish Zeb1

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad-Pakistan.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|November 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Aluminium Phosphide (wheat pill) poisoning is most common among young females in Pakistan, with suicidal intent being more frequent than accidental cases. Public awareness and strict prohibition of its domestic use are crucial.

Keywords:
Aluminium Phosphide; Poisoning; Phosphine; Wheat pill; Homicide; Suicide

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Public Health
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Poisoning is a significant health concern, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan where agriculture is prevalent.
  • Easy access and widespread use of pesticides contribute to a high incidence of accidental and intentional poisonings.
  • Understanding common poisoning agents is vital for effective public health interventions and emergency preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most frequently used poison in the general population.
  • To determine the frequency of specific poisoning agents within the study setting.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective investigation was conducted at the Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.
  • Data from January 1st to December 31st, 2023, included all admitted poisoning cases.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, focusing on live admissions.

Main Results:

  • Poisoning predominantly affected females and the 16-22 year age group.
  • Suicidal poisonings accounted for 57.8% of cases, while accidental poisonings represented 40%.
  • Aluminium Phosphide (wheat pill) was identified as the most common poison.

Conclusions:

  • Young females are particularly vulnerable to Aluminium Phosphide poisoning.
  • Healthcare workers in emergency departments must be prepared for Aluminium Phosphide poisoning cases.
  • Strict prohibition of domestic pesticide use and public awareness campaigns are recommended.