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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...

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A predictive model for Gamma Knife intermediate dose spill: R50%_Analytic-GK.

Ivan L Cordrey¹, Sare Kucuk², Chester Ramsey³

¹Thompson Cancer Survival Center, Cumberland Medical Center, Crossville, Tennessee, USA.

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

|November 29, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new model, R50%Analytic-GK, predicts intermediate dose spill in Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This model helps assess treatment plans by providing a benchmark for dose spill, crucial for minimizing radionecrosis risk.

Keywords:

Gamma Knife R50%Analytic SRS surface area Δr

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiation Oncology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Minimizing intermediate dose spill is critical in brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to reduce the risk of radionecrosis.
R50% is a key metric for quantifying intermediate dose spill.
A predictive model, R50%Analytic, exists for VMAT-delivered SRS.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the R50%Analytic model to Gamma Knife (GK) delivered SRS, creating the R50%Analytic-GK model.
To predict intermediate dose spill in GK Icon treatments.
To provide a benchmark for assessing SRS treatment plans.

Main Methods:

Developed the R50%Analytic-GK model using phantom calculations on spherical targets (0.001–44 cm³).
Validated the model against clinical data from 18 brain metastasis cases treated with GK Icon.
Analyzed 35 targets (0.011–27.4 cm³) comparing predicted R50%Analytic-GK with clinically achieved R50%Clinical.

Main Results:

R50%Analytic-GK generally predicted a lower bound for R50%Clinical.
The median difference (R50%Clinical - R50%Analytic-GK) was 0.92, confirming the lower bound nature.
The model accurately reflected intermediate dose spill characteristics in clinical cases, with outliers attributed to planning complexities.

Conclusions:

The R50%Analytic-GK model successfully extends the R50%Analytic framework to GK-delivered SRS.
It offers a reliable method for predicting intermediate dose spill in GK Icon treatments.
The model serves as a valuable tool for evaluating SRS treatment plan quality.