Low Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Areas of High Cholangiocarcinoma Risk in Thailand

This study aimed to determine the proportion of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in regions of Thailand with the highest risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

A multi-stage sampling method was employed to recruit participants. One sub-district per district was selected using random sampling. Simple random sampling was used to select individuals based on age range and sex, resulting in a final sample size of 744 participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. FV consumption was assessed through a 24-hour recall interview, recording the types and quantities consumed in three meals. Consumption proportions were calculated by comparing the amounts of each FV consumed. Household consumption units were converted to grams. Descriptive statistics, including number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated. The total amount of FV consumed across all meals was compared to the recommended daily intake of ≥400 grams. The prevalence rate of FV consumption was also calculated.  Results: The prevalence rate of FV consumption in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, was 11.30 per 100,000 people. The highest frequency of FV consumption was 1-3 days/week, reported by 66.93% of participants. Most respondents (61.43%) exhibited excellent knowledge regarding FV consumption. Similarly, the mean score for attitude regarding the health benefits of FV consumption was 3.10±0.18.

This study highlights insufficient FV consumption, associated with the high incidence of CCA, in the studied region. To mitigate the risk of CCA, relevant organizations should implement campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of FV consumption through social media communication and other channels.