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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

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One-Step Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Robust, Conductive, Shape-Memory Hydrogel for Customizing

Hanqiang Zhang1, Peiren Wang1, Heng Zhang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a 3D printable hydrogel using a one-step method. This robust, conductive hydrogel offers advanced mechanical properties for next-generation flexible electronic devices.

Keywords:
3D printingdouble-networkflexible sensorshydrogelsself-sensing actuators

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Mechanically robust and electrically conductive hydrogels are crucial for flexible devices.
  • Conventional fabrication methods struggle with complex geometries and customized functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D printable hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.
  • To implement a facile one-step preparation strategy for complex hydrogel structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized vat polymerization 3D printing technology.
  • Employed a hybrid double-network mechanism with in situ chemical and physical dual cross-linking.
  • Formulated hydrogel with covalently cross-linked poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and chitosan, and physically cross-linked zirconium ions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved enhanced mechanical properties: 680% stretchability, 15.1 MJ/m³ toughness, 7.30 MPa tensile strength.
  • Demonstrated rapid printing speed (0.7-3 s/100 μm) and high transparency (91%).
  • Exhibited favorable ionic conductivity (0.75 S/m), large strain gauge factor (≥7), and fast solvent transfer induced phase separation.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D printable multifunctional hydrogel enables high-performance flexible wearable sensors, shape memory actuators, and soft pneumatic robotics.
  • This novel hydrogel provides a pathway for customizing intelligent soft devices.