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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice
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Controlling Root Canal Infection in Oncological Patients with Apical Periodontitis.

Kaline Romeiro1, Luciana F Gominho2, Danielle D Voigt1

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Endodontics
|November 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemomechanical preparation and intracanal medication significantly reduced root canal bacteria in cancer patients. Treatment effectiveness was comparable to controls, showing no significant differences in bacterial load or specific species response.

Keywords:
Antineoplastic treatmentapical periodontitiscancerroot canal infectionroot canal treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Oncology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment often have compromised immunity, increasing susceptibility to infections.
  • Apical periodontitis in these patients requires effective management of bacterial load in root canals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of chemomechanical preparation and intracanal medication in reducing root canal bacteria in cancer patients.
  • To assess the prevalence, levels, and treatment response of Streptococcus and Actinobacteria species in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Root canals of oncological and control patients with apical periodontitis were treated using rotary instrumentation, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation, and calcium hydroxide medication.
  • Bacteriological samples were collected before and after chemomechanical preparation and after intracanal medication.
  • Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using 16S rRNA gene assays assessed total bacteria, Streptococcus, and Actinobacteria.

Main Results:

  • Chemomechanical preparation and intracanal medication significantly reduced total bacterial load (S1-S2 and S1-S3, P < .01).
  • While bacterial counts decreased from S2 to S3, this was not statistically significant (P > .05).
  • No significant differences in bacterial counts, prevalence, or species response were observed between oncological and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • The combined chemomechanical preparation and intracanal medication regimen effectively reduced bacterial populations in infected root canals of cancer patients.
  • The treatment outcomes were comparable to those in non-cancer patients, indicating similar efficacy in managing apical periodontitis.