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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Decoding T cell senescence in cancer: Is revisiting required?

Sophia Magkouta1, Efrosyni Markaki2, Konstantinos Evangelou3

  • 1Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece; Marianthi Simou and G.P. Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD19SY, UK.

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Cellular senescence, a response to stress, impacts cancer. This review clarifies identifying senescent T cells, crucial for effective cancer immunotherapy and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cellular senescence is a stress-induced mechanism implicated in cancer progression and therapy.
  • Senescent cells are heterogeneous and challenging to identify, particularly immune cells like T cells.
  • The precise definition and characterization of senescent T cells remain poorly described in existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the concept of T cell senescence.
  • To differentiate senescent T cells from exhausted or anergic T cells.
  • To explore the role of senescent T cells in the tumor microenvironment and their impact on cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T cell senescence.
  • Analysis of metabolic and epigenetic modifications in senescent T cells.
  • Discussion of the clinical implications of senescent T cells in cancer treatment.

Main Results:

  • Senescent T cells exhibit distinct features that require accurate discrimination from other T cell states.
  • Metabolic and epigenetic alterations are key characteristics of T cell senescence.
  • Senescent T cells play a significant role within the tumor microenvironment, influencing therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Precise identification of senescent T cells is essential for understanding their role in cancer.
  • Accurate characterization of senescent T cells will enable the development of targeted therapies.
  • Distinguishing true T cell senescence is critical for improving cancer incidence delay and immunotherapy efficacy.