Presentation of polymelia in conjugation with spinal dysraphism: A case report

Polymelia is a rare congenital deformity characterized by an extra limb connected to a different part of the body. The Incidence of this condition in humans is scant but relatively higher in animals. Hereditary and genetic factors are linked to the pathogenesis of this condition, but the relationship is not clearly understood. In this article, we highlight the presentation of polymelia and the approach used to treat the patient.

A 3-month-old male was brought to medical attention by his parents, who expressed concern regarding an extra limb attached to his back. He was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery after an uncomplicated pregnancy, with the only significant finding being the additional limb. After a thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, he was diagnosed with Polymelia associated with spinal dysraphism. The child underwent surgery to excise the extra limb and to seal the defect in the vertebrae.

Polymelia is associated with multiple congenital malformations. Although it can be diagnosed in the antenatal period, most cases are identified after birth. The extra limb is usually functionless, but sensation may be preserved. It may be a well-developed limb or just a bud. A comprehensive evaluation is mandatory to explore the associated hidden malformation.

The expression of polymelia differs among individual case presentations, and the related congenital abnormalities pose significant management challenges. Surgical intervention is always essential, yet some complications are inevitable.