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The wavelet transform assisted laser-induced fluorescence detector with high sensitivity.

Chao Zheng1, Chuanliang Wang2, Tao Sha3

  • 1School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-Sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, PR China.

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Summary

A novel laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector achieves ultra-high sensitivity using advanced optics and wavelet transform data processing. This method significantly enhances signal-to-noise ratio for ultra-trace analysis, setting new detection limits.

Keywords:
Good reproducibilityHigh sensitivityInverted suction injectionLaser-induced fluorescenceWavelet transform

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Traditional laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detectors face challenges with sensitivity and noise reduction.
  • Improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimizing contamination are crucial for ultra-trace analysis.
  • Advanced optical designs and signal processing techniques are needed to enhance LIF performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a highly sensitive LIF detector assisted by wavelet transform.
  • To improve fluorescence collection efficiency and reduce noise in LIF measurements.
  • To establish new, lower limits of detection (LOD) for ultra-trace analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an unconventional microscope objective (NA=0.5, WD=4.0 mm) for enhanced fluorescence collection.
  • Employed an aspherical lens to minimize fluorescence imaging size, boosting SNR.
  • Implemented the 'inverted suction injection' method within flow injection analysis (FIA) for reduced contamination.
  • Applied wavelet transform for LIF signal processing to effectively reduce noise.
  • Combined LIF with capillary electrophoresis (CE) for ultimate sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an approximate 5-fold increase in SNR using the specialized objective lens.
  • Further improved SNR by approximately 1.3 times with the aspherical lens.
  • Reduced LIF signal noise from 0.009 mV to 0.002 mV using wavelet transform without altering peak characteristics.
  • Established an LOD of 9.7 × 10-14 M (3.9 molecules in 68 pL) for sodium fluorescein in FIA mode.
  • Attained an LOD of 4.9 × 10-15 M for fluorescein sodium when LIF was coupled with CE.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LIF detector, integrating advanced optics and wavelet transform, offers unprecedented sensitivity for ultra-trace analysis.
  • The 'inverted suction injection' FIA method proved effective in minimizing contamination errors.
  • The achieved LODs represent the lowest reported levels for LIF detection in FIA and CE modes, respectively.