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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence
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Brief Report: Methylation-Based ctDNA Serial Monitoring Correlates With Immunotherapy Response in NSCLC.

Angela Hsiao1, Brian Woodward1, Patrick Ye2

  • 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

Clinical Lung Cancer
|December 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel methylation-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay shows promise in predicting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immunotherapy response. Tumor Methylation Scores (TMS) measured early after treatment initiation correlate with progression-free survival.

Keywords:
Anti-PD1 based checkpoint inhibitorsLiquid biopsyMethylated Circulating Tumor DNANon-Small Cell Lung CancerReal world progression free survival

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Cancer Biomarkers

Background:

  • Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a noninvasive window into cancer's genetic and epigenetic landscape.
  • Monitoring treatment efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anti-PD1 immunotherapy is crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A methylation-based ctDNA assay, measuring Tumor Methylation Scores (TMS) at over 500 genomic locations, was evaluated in 20 NSCLC patients.
  • TMS were assessed using an amplicon-based, multiplexed cfDNA assay with quantitative counting templates (QCTs) and next-generation sequencing.
  • Baseline and follow-up blood draws were collected alongside clinical outcome data.

Findings:

  • The change in TMS 4-10 weeks post-treatment initiation strongly correlated with real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) (P < 0.0001).
  • TMS demonstrated a stronger predictive association with immunotherapy response than RECIST v1.1 imaging criteria (P = 0.55).
  • TMS tracked effectively with tumor burden during therapy and showed potential for monitoring new somatic mutations.

Implications:

  • Early-stage TMS assessment (4-10 weeks) can predict anti-PD1 immunotherapy response in NSCLC patients.
  • Serial TMS measurements can monitor tumor dynamics and therapeutic response throughout treatment.
  • This methylation-based ctDNA assay represents a promising noninvasive biomarker for personalized NSCLC treatment strategies.