Advancements in Imaging and Neurosurgical Techniques for Brain Tumor Resection: A Comprehensive Review

Brain tumor surgery has witnessed significant advancements over the past few decades, resulting in improved patient outcomes. Despite these advancements, brain tumors remain a formidable public health challenge due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. This review explores the evolution of neurosurgical techniques for brain tumor resection, emphasizing the balance between minimizing invasiveness and maximizing precision. Traditional approaches like craniotomy and keyhole surgery remain crucial, but the rise of minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic endonasal surgery and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has revolutionized the field. Awake craniotomy has been a substantial stepping stone towards the preservation of neurological function among brain tumor patients. Additionally, the integration of brain mapping technologies including intraoperative MRI, ultrasound and fluorescence-guided surgery has enhanced the precision of tumor resections, particularly in eloquent brain areas. These innovations, while promising, also come with challenges, including steep learning curves and limited access to advanced technology in certain regions. As the field progresses, ongoing research is essential to refine these techniques and improve accessibility, ultimately aiming to increase survival rates and preserve neurological function in patients with brain tumors. The integration of advanced imaging techniques refined surgical tools, and artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical planning is expected to further improve the safety and effectiveness of neurosurgical procedures in the future. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current surgical strategies and explores potential future directions in brain tumor surgery.