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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Weakly Solvating Cyclic Ether-Based Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for Stable High-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.

Yanru Yang1, Qin Li1, Huan Li1

  • 1Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) using tetrahydropyran (THP) solvent for improved lithium metal battery performance. The new DEE enhances stability and safety at high temperatures, crucial for next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
deep eutectic electrolyteelectrolyteinterfacial chemistrylithium metal batteryweakly solvating solvent

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) face instability and safety challenges at elevated temperatures.
  • Existing deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) suffer from electrode incompatibility and insufficient reduction stability.
  • High Li+ concentration in DEEs can lead to poor electrochemical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a new DEE with enhanced stability and compatibility for high-temperature LMBs.
  • To address the limitations of current DEEs, particularly electrode incompatibility and reduction stability.
  • To improve the performance of LiMn2O4 cathodes in lithium metal batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel DEE utilizing weakly solvating tetrahydropyran (THP) solvent.
  • Incorporation of concentrated lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) for enhanced reduction resistance.
  • Electrochemical testing of Li||LiMn2O4 cells using the developed DEE at room and elevated temperatures.

Main Results:

  • The new DEE exhibits excellent compatibility with Li metal anodes and high-temperature tolerance with LiMn2O4 cathodes.
  • Li||LiMn2O4 cells demonstrate high capacity retention (96.02%) over 600 cycles at room temperature.
  • Remarkable high-temperature performance achieved with 91.72% capacity retention after 120 cycles at 55°C and low self-discharge.

Conclusions:

  • The designed DEE offers a promising alternative for developing stable and safe high-temperature lithium metal batteries.
  • This electrolyte design overcomes key limitations of traditional DEEs, enabling robust performance.
  • The approach is potentially expandable to other battery chemistries requiring high-temperature operation.