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Related Concept Videos

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

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Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
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Radius of Gyration of an Area01:12

Radius of Gyration of an Area

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The second moment of area, also known as the moment of inertia of area, is a crucial factor in understanding an object's resistance against bending deformation, or stiffness. To accurately estimate the second moment of area along any axis, one needs to concentrate all areas associated with that object into a thin strip, which should be placed parallel to that particular axis.
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General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
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Commissioning of a reference beam model-based Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for cranial stereotactic radiosurgery.

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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer
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Five-year evaluation of linear accelerator-based SRS platform isocentricity.

Yohan A Walter1, Anne N Hubbard1, Phillip F Durham1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Willis Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
|December 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study confirms that linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with ExacTrac image guidance is precise and stable for intracranial tumors. The ExacTrac system effectively minimizes couch walkout, ensuring safe treatment delivery.

Keywords:
QASRSSRTlinear acceleratorquality assurancestereotactic radiosurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using linear accelerators (LINACs) is crucial for intracranial tumors, demanding high geometric accuracy.
  • Image guidance systems like ExacTrac (ETX) aid position verification, but mechanical rigidity concerns exist as ETX is not gantry-mounted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the precision and long-term stability of LINAC-based SRS using ExacTrac (ETX) image guidance on an Elekta Versa HD system.
  • To identify sources of positional uncertainty in SRS delivery with ETX.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 518 Winston-Lutz (WL) tests over 5 years.
  • Utilized ExacTrac (ETX) for alignment on an Elekta Versa HD linear accelerator.
  • Assessed 3D and directional misalignments, table rotation effects, and gantry sag.

Main Results:

  • Remarkable stability was observed, with 3D and directional misalignments consistently below 1.0 mm.
  • Table rotation emerged as the primary source of positional uncertainty.
  • Gantry sag was consistent, measuring 1.23 ± 0.18 mm at gantry 0 and 180 degrees.
  • ETX effectively mitigated couch walkout during intrafraction repositioning.

Conclusions:

  • LINAC-based SRS with ETX on the Elekta Versa HD platform demonstrates high precision and stability for cranial treatments.
  • The system's accuracy is well within acceptable tolerances for SRS delivery.
  • ETX significantly reduces couch walkout, a major source of uncertainty, supporting safe and effective SRS.