Cupressus torulosa, a Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols: An Analytical and Pharmacological Study

Cupressus torulosa (family Cupressaceae), widely distributed in the northwestern Himalayan region of India, is a coniferous aromatic tree traditionally used for its aerial parts. Its needles are renowned for their anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Antioxidants from this plant are vital in combating oxidative stress, which are implicated in these diseases.

This study employed a range of methods, including in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo assays; biochemical estimations such as Total Phenolics Content and Total Flavonoids Content; and UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Cupressus torulosa needles.

Initial screenings demonstrated promising antioxidant activity of 25% aqueous methanol extract of the needles, with SGOT and SGPT values of 55.28±57.07 and 52.27±19.50 IU/L, respectively, when compared to the positive control glibenclamide. Fractionation of the extract into ethyl acetate and butanol fractions revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction showed notable activity, with an EC50 value of 85.6 μg/mL in the DPPH assay, indicating effective free radical scavenging and reduced oxidative damage. UPLC-QTOF-MS characterization of ethyl acetate fraction in negative ion mode identified 34 metabolites, including 10 key antioxidant compounds.

These findings underscore C. torulosa's potential as a source of bioactive antioxidants, highlighting its value for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. The research provides a foundation for further isolation, characterization, and clinical testing of these compounds, enhancing our understanding of natural antioxidants in addressing oxidative stress-related conditions.