Associated Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2: Retrospective Study

Chronic kidney disease affects the quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus, increases cardiovascular risk, and has high social costs.

To determine associated factors for chronic kidney disease in people with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Retrospective cohort study with 371 patients evaluated in primary care for diabetes mellitus. Information on age, sex, disease duration, comorbidity and laboratory results was obtained. Patients of both sexes attended between 2022 and 2024 were included. Patients with other renal diseases or referrals were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors.

Males (p = 0.014), age >60 years, (p = 0.01) uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C >7.99%±1.84) and disease duration over 20 years (p = 0.02) are associated factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). HbA1c had significant differences between those with and those without CKD. The most frequent comorbidities are arterial hypertension (70%), dyslipidemia (43%), overweight/obesity (44%) and anemia (31%). CKD stage G2 is the most frequent (45%). One hundred percent of patients in G1 and G2 CKD stages have an elevated microalbuminuria/creatinuria rate, and 13% of patients between G3a and G4 stages have this rate within normal values. Most patients receive nephroprotection with ARA II and ACEIs.

It is important to screen for kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 who are male, over 60 years of age, with uncontrolled HbA1c and prolonged disease duration, as well as to treat comorbidities and nephroprotection regardless of the stage of chronic kidney disease.