Sunscreens: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Environmental Science
• Toxicology

Background:

• Sunscreens are topical products designed to protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR).
• Their use is widely recommended to prevent sunburn, skin cancer, and premature aging caused by sun exposure.
• Despite benefits, concerns about the safety and environmental effects of sunscreens and their ingredients are growing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of sunscreens, including their historical development.
• To detail the various types of UV filters used in sunscreen formulations.
• To explore the controversies surrounding sunscreen safety and environmental impact.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review of existing literature on sunscreens.
• It synthesizes information on sunscreen history, UV filter classification, and rating systems.
• It also examines reported safety and environmental concerns.

Main Results:

• Sunscreens have evolved significantly, with diverse UV filters available.
• Current classifications and ratings help consumers choose products.
• Controversies include potential endocrine disruption, allergic reactions, and ecotoxicity.

Conclusions:

• Understanding sunscreen history, types, and controversies is crucial for informed consumer decisions.
• Further research is needed to address safety and environmental concerns.
• Balancing sun protection with potential risks is essential.