Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Associations of finerenone with reduced insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A real-world observational study.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026

Same author

Traffic condition prediction for highway within work zones under dynamic traffic organization changes.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Ordered nanoplastic-elastomer networks resolve conflict between softness and stability.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Trace lanthanum activation drives deep biological phosphorus removal.

Environmental science and ecotechnology·2026

Same author

Tumor-Derived LAMB3 Drives Immunosuppressive LRRC15<sup>+</sup> Fibroblast Formation During Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

ICAM2 promotes endocrine resistance via dynein-mediated OXPHOS activation in ER-positive breast cancer.

Cell death & disease·2026

Same journal

Formation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles via Exsolution Using a Reducible Metal Oxide Capping Layer.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Cold-Driven Thermoelectric Patch for Postoperative Tumor Control.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Chemically Fueled Interfacial Supramolecular Polymerization.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Tactile Neuromorphic Ion-Gated Vertical Transistor Displays Enabling Dual-Output Reservoir Computing.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

In Situ Oxygen Shuttling within a Bilayer Electrified Membrane Enables Aeration-Free Electro-Fenton Water Purification.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Single Atoms as Growth Directors: From Graphene Edges to Atomically Precise Interfaces in 2D Materials.

ACS nano·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Published on: July 2, 2012

Digitally Programmable Microphase Separation in Polymer Network Generates Microstructure Pattern.

Bohan Liu¹, Zheqi Chen¹, Junjie Zhao¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

|December 4, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a digital method to create diverse polymer microstructures for advanced applications. This technique uses programmable local modulus to control microphase separation, enabling large-area pattern generation with household tools.

Keywords:

anticounterfeiting microstructures multiscale structures phase separation soft materials

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Published on: July 2, 2012

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Microstructure patterns in polymers are vital for applications like separation, optics, and electronics.
Creating diverse polymer microstructures with controlled morphologies and feature sizes over large areas is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To design a material system enabling digital programming of microphase separation in polymer networks.
To generate diverse microstructure patterns with controlled morphologies and feature sizes.
To demonstrate a practical method for creating microstructured polymers using accessible technology.

Main Methods:

Engineered a polymer network allowing digital programming of local modulus.
Utilized local modulus control to arrest the length scale of microphase separation.
Employed an ink printer and ultraviolet light for large-area (≫100 mm) pattern programming with fine resolution (∼100 μm).

Main Results:

Generated polymer microstructures with diverse morphologies (bicontinuous, sea-island) and feature sizes (∼100 nm to several micrometers).
Achieved digital programming of microphase separation for microstructure generation.
Demonstrated visible patterns through light scattering variations in locally varied microstructures, exemplified by a soft anticounterfeiting device.

Conclusions:

The digital programming of microphase separation in polymer networks is a versatile approach.
This method is applicable to various polymers and enables the creation of functional devices.
The technique offers a scalable platform for advanced polymer microstructure fabrication.