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Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Understanding, Preventative Strategies, and

Robert Naami1,2, Drew M Miller1,2, Sanjana Datla1,2

  • 1From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.

Cardiology in Review
|December 4, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is complex. This review explores CVD risk factors and pharmacological strategies for better prevention in this high-risk population.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
  • CKD patients face unique cardiovascular risks beyond traditional factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on CVD prevention in CKD.
  • To discuss epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments for CVD in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including traditional and CKD-specific ones.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools like coronary artery calcium scoring.
  • Assessment of pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • CKD involves unique risk factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, albuminuria, vascular calcification, valvulopathies.
  • Specific drug classes show promise: aspirin, lipid-lowering agents, GLP-1 RAs, SGLT2 inhibitors, NMRA antagonists.
  • Coronary artery calcium scoring aids risk stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Effective CVD prevention in CKD requires addressing unique risk factors.
  • Pharmacological strategies show potential but require further research.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches and guideline development are crucial for improving outcomes.

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