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Coinfection With SARS-CoV-2 and Dengue Virus: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Challenges
Prasetyo Hariadi1, Dewi Lokida1,2, Adhella Menur Naysilla2
1Tangerang District Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Frontiers in Tropical Diseases
|December 5, 2024
Summary
Co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and dengue virus (DENV) presents diagnostic challenges in endemic regions. Early suspicion and awareness of overlapping symptoms are crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, impacting regions endemic for dengue virus (DENV).
- Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and DENV poses diagnostic difficulties, particularly in resource-limited settings like Indonesia.
- Overlapping clinical symptoms between COVID-19 and dengue necessitate careful clinical evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the diagnostic challenges of identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dengue-endemic area.
- To present a case of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and dengue.
- To emphasize the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for co-infections.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 68-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus type II presenting with symptoms suggestive of dengue.
- Diagnostic testing included RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and serological tests for dengue (IgM, IgG, HI antibody titer).
- Clinical management involved supportive care and antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
Main Results:
- The patient initially presented with symptoms overlapping between dengue and COVID-19.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR.
- Retrospective dengue diagnosis was established through seroconversion of IgM and high IgG titers, indicating secondary dengue infection.
- The patient showed clinical improvement and was discharged after testing negative for SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusions:
- Overlapping clinical presentations and limited diagnostic capabilities complicate the identification of COVID-19 in dengue-endemic areas.
- Clinicians in endemic regions must be vigilant for SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with DENV and other tropical pathogens.
- Maintaining a high index of suspicion is essential for timely and accurate diagnosis.
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