Fast and low energy-consumption integrated Fourier-transform spectrometer based on thin-film lithium niobate

Integrated miniature spectrometers have impacts in industry, agriculture, and aerospace applications due to their unique advantages in portability and energy consumption. Although existing on-chip spectrometers have achieved breakthroughs in key performance metrics, such as, a high resolution and a large bandwidth, their scanning speed and energy consumption still hinder practical applications of such devices. Here, a stationary Fourier transform spectrometer is introduced based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure on thin-film lithium niobate. Long and low-loss spiral waveguides with electro-optic tuning are adopted as the optical path scanning elements with a half-wave voltage of 0.14 V. A high resolution of 2.1 nm and a spectral recovery with a bandwidth of 100 nm is demonstrated under a high-speed and high-voltage scanning in the range of -100 V to +100 V at up to 100 KHz. A low energy consumption in the μJ scale per scan is also achieved.