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Tunable on-chip optical traps for levitating particles based on single-layer metasurface.

Chuang Sun¹, Hailong Pi¹, Kian Shen Kiang¹

¹University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 5, 2024

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Researchers developed a novel metasurface to create stable optical traps for multiple levitated nanoparticles. This breakthrough enables advanced studies in fundamental physics and scalable, high-sensitivity sensing applications.

Area of Science:

Optics
Nanotechnology
Quantum Physics

Background:

Optically levitated nanoparticles are crucial for studying fundamental physics and developing sensitive sensors.
Existing platforms for complex optical trapping face limitations in efficiency, stability, and scalability.
Advanced optical trapping landscapes are needed to engineer interactions beyond single harmonic traps.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a metasurface capable of generating tunable optical potential wells for multiple levitated nanoparticles.
To overcome the limitations of existing spatial light modulator-based platforms.
To enable new possibilities for studying particle interactions and developing advanced sensors.

Main Methods:

Experimentally fabricating and utilizing a metasurface to create two diffraction-limited focal points.

Keywords:

metasurface optical binding optical levitation tunable trapping potential

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Achieving a high numerical aperture (∼0.9) and high efficiency (31%) with the metasurface.

Generating tunable optical potential wells, including bistable and double potential wells, by adjusting focal point distance.

Main Results:

Successfully generated tunable optical potential wells without intensity fluctuations.
Observed bistable and double potential wells experimentally.
Levitated two nanoparticles in double potential wells for extended periods (hours).

Conclusions:

The metasurface provides a stable and efficient platform for complex optical trapping.
This method overcomes previous limitations, paving the way for scaling optomechanical devices.
Enables investigations into nonlinear/thermal dynamics and optical binding, and facilitates paralleled levitated sensors.