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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
965
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

938
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
938
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.0K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

878
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
878
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.2K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.2K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

508
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Spin-orbit coupling induced by ascorbic acid crystals.

Florence Grenapin1, Alessio D'Errico1, Ebrahim Karimi1,2

  • 1Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, K1N 5N6, ON, Ottawa, Canada.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spherulite structures in anisotropic materials create a "maltese-cross" pattern linked to light's spin-orbit coupling. This phenomenon, demonstrated with ascorbic acid, could enable advanced optical control in the THz domain.

Keywords:
metasurfacesorbital angular momentumspherulitesstructured light

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Anisotropic materials often form spherulites, exhibiting a characteristic "maltese-cross" pattern under polarized light microscopy.
  • This pattern has traditionally been used for material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying physics behind the "maltese-cross" pattern in spherulites.
  • To demonstrate the link between spherulite structure and light's spin-orbit coupling.
  • To explore potential applications in manipulating electromagnetic radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of crystallized ascorbic acid spherulites.
  • Utilizing laser beams and polarization microscopy.
  • Analyzing transmitted light for optical vortices and inhomogeneous polarization patterns.

Main Results:

  • The "maltese-cross" pattern is associated with strong light spin-orbit coupling induced by spherulite structures.
  • Experimental evidence of optical vortex creation and inhomogeneous polarization patterns was observed.
  • Ascorbic acid spherulites demonstrate these light-matter interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Spherulite-induced "maltese-cross" patterns are a manifestation of light's spin-orbit coupling.
  • These findings open possibilities for using spherulites in advanced optical applications.
  • Potential applications include polarization and spatial shaping of electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the THz frequency range.