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Compact and programmable large-scale optical processor in free space.

Maria Gorizia Ammendola1,2,3, Nazanin Dehghan2,4, Lukas Scarfe2

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We developed a novel free-space photonic platform for quantum information processing. This scalable system uses only three layers to perform complex unitary transformations, enabling advanced quantum simulations and optical processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Photonics
  • Optical Computing

Background:

  • Integrated photonic circuits are standard for quantum information processing.
  • Free-space architectures offer advantages like broad bandwidth but face scalability challenges due to circuit depth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a programmable free-space photonic platform for high-dimensional unitary transformations.
  • To overcome the scalability limitations of conventional photonic circuit depth.

Main Methods:

  • Encoding information in structured light modes (circular polarization, quantized transverse momenta).
  • Utilizing spatial light modulators and half-wave plates in a three-layer architecture.
  • Implementing translation-invariant, high-dimensional unitary transformations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved quantum walks over 30 time steps in 1D and 2D lattices using only three layers.
  • Distributed a single input mode across over 7,000 outputs, significantly reducing required layers.
  • Demonstrated compatibility with quantum optics protocols using heralded single photons and coincidence detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed free-space platform offers a scalable solution for high-dimensional quantum simulation.
  • This approach significantly reduces the complexity and depth of photonic processors.
  • Establishes free-space optical processors as viable resources for advanced quantum applications.