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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

61
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Social behavior in ASD males: The interplay between cognitive flexibility, working memory, and functional

Shi Yu Chan1, Jasmine Si Min Chuah1, Pei Huang1

  • 1Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Brain connectivity differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) males are linked to social behaviors. Normative models identified atypical functional connectivity, suggesting targeted interventions for cognitive flexibility and working memory may improve social outcomes.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersExecutive functioningFunctional connectivityGeneralized additive modelsNormative TrajectoriesSocial behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents heterogeneously, with known brain functional connectivity abnormalities in males.
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of diverse autism symptom domains remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if individual variations in functional connectivity deviations correlate with social behavior in autistic males.
  • To utilize normative models to identify atypical brain connectivity at an individual level.

Main Methods:

  • Modeled normative resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) trajectories in non-autistic males (n=321) using Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) data.
  • Applied these models to autistic males (n=418) to compute individual rsFC deviation scores (z-scores).
  • Examined associations between deviations in specific brain networks (DMN, VAN, FPN, SMN) and social behavior.

Main Results:

  • Atypical rsFC patterns in the default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and somatomotor network (SMN) were linked to specific social behavior dimensions.
  • Cognitive flexibility and working memory mediated the relationship between VAN-DMN connectivity deviations and social problems.

Conclusions:

  • Normative models effectively identify individual-level atypical brain connectivity in ASD.
  • Neurobiological patterns associated with social behavioral problems in ASD were revealed, highlighting potential for precision diagnosis and intervention.
  • Targeting cognitive flexibility and working memory may enhance social outcomes for autistic males.