Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

90.1K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.1K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

168
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
168
Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

7.2K
The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
7.2K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

228
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
228
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

92
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
92
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

13.2K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
13.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to dietary risks in 34 Asian countries: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same author

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Liver Cancer from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2050: A Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Gut and liver·2026
Same author

The economic value of preventing projected sepsis-related deaths among adults in 79 countries, 2000-2023, with projections to 2050: a modelling study.

Critical care (London, England)·2026
Same author

Long-Term Trends in Counseling for Stress and Depression Among Adults, 2009-2024, Considering the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Representative Study in South Korea.

Psychiatry investigation·2026
Same author

Residential Greenness and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Following COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Effects of Nandrolone Decanoate on Muscle Strength, Body Composition and Bone Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

14.4K

Racial Discrimination and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Jun Hyuk Lee1,2, Hyeri Lee2,3, Yejun Son2

  • 1Health and Human Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Medical Principles and Practice : International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Racial discrimination significantly impacts health, increasing risks for certain cancers and mental health issues, but may offer protection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Black patients. Evidence quality varies, necessitating further research.

Keywords:
Health outcomesRacial discriminationUmbrella review

More Related Videos

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.3K
A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

14.4K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.3K
A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Racial discrimination is a pervasive social stressor with documented adverse health consequences.
  • Existing research has explored various health outcomes linked to racial discrimination, but a synthesized understanding of evidence certainty is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review associations between racial discrimination and diverse health outcomes.
  • To evaluate the certainty of evidence from existing meta-analyses of observational studies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, WoS, Google Scholar) was conducted up to January 31, 2024.
  • Included were eight meta-analyses of observational studies, encompassing over 1 million individuals and 15 health outcomes.
  • Quality assessment indicated that most included meta-analyses were of low quality.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were observed between racial discrimination and oncological (hepatocellular carcinoma mortality), gastroenterological (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, healthcare access), and mental health outcomes (psychotic experiences, suicidal ideation/attempts).
  • Black patients showed higher risk for HCC mortality, while Asian patients had lower risk compared to white patients.
  • Unexpectedly, disparities in cancer care for Black patients were linked to a protective factor for early-stage HCC diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Racial discrimination exerts a significant influence across multiple clinical domains, despite measurement complexities.
  • An unanticipated protective association was noted for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among Black patients.
  • The findings highlight the need for further investigation into the nuanced effects of racial discrimination on health outcomes.