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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Body dysmorphic disorder.

Christian Rück1, David Mataix-Cols2,3, Jamie D Feusner4,5,6

  • 1Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. christian.ruck@ki.se.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) involves intense preoccupation with perceived flaws, affecting 2% of adults. Early intervention and treatment access are crucial for this underdiagnosed condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived physical flaws.
  • It affects approximately 2% of adults, yet remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to limited awareness and access to care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the need for further research into risk factors and treatment accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on BDD.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, etiological factors, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • BDD onset is typically before age 18, with a slight female predominance in youth.
  • Potential genetic and environmental factors contribute to BDD, with some evidence of brain differences in visual and emotional processing regions.
  • Quality of life is significantly impaired, and suicide risk is high.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy and SSRIs are evidence-based treatments for BDD.
  • Further research is needed to understand BDD's biological and environmental risk factors.
  • Improving access to effective treatments is critical for this often overlooked disorder.