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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Ternary Compensation Enables High-sensitive Efficient Upconversion Device for NIR Visualization.

Shilong Dong¹, Jin Li¹, Tianjiao Ma¹

¹School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|December 6, 2024

Summary

Organic upconversion devices offer a promising alternative for near-infrared visualization. This study presents a high-sensitivity device with enhanced efficiency and a large, lightweight, semitransparent design for advanced infrared imaging applications.

Keywords:

NIR photodetection NIR visualization organic upconversion devices ternary compensation wearability

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

Organic electronics
Optoelectronics
Materials science

Background:

Crystalline photodiodes for infrared visualization face limitations like opacity and complex fabrication.
Organic upconversion devices (UCDs) present a viable alternative for infrared imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-sensitivity organic upconversion device for near-infrared (NIR) visualization.
To enhance the detection performance and reduce dark current in UCDs.
To create a large-area, lightweight, and semitransparent UCD.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a ternary compensation strategy in a non-fullerene-based active layer.
Fabrication of a large-area UCD by replacing semitransparent matrix electrodes.
Characterization of upconversion efficiency, dark current, response time, and optical properties.

Main Results:

Achieved an infrared-to-visible upconversion efficiency of 16.68% for 980 nm NIR light.
Demonstrated a large-area (12.25 cm²) UCD with microsecond response time.
Fabricated a lightweight (6.5 g), semitransparent (AVT ≈40%), pixel-less (1270 ppi) device.

Conclusions:

The developed UCD offers high-sensitive and efficient NIR visualization.
The device's properties enable applications in naked-eye infrared visualization and infrared counter-surveillance.
This work advances infrared visualization technology through organic electronics.