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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Antibody Structure01:10

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy and Trained Immunity.

Leticia Martín-Cruz1,2, Oscar Palomares1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.

Allergy
|December 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trained immunity (TRIM) plays a crucial role in allergy and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). TRIM mechanisms in innate immune cells offer new strategies for developing effective allergy vaccines and treatments.

Keywords:
allergen‐specific immunotherapyasthmafood allergymetabolic and epigenetic rewiringtrained immunitytrained immunity‐based allergen vaccinestrained immunity‐based vaccines (TIbV)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Innate Immunity

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are prevalent due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
  • Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a key treatment that can modify disease course.
  • Recent research highlights the role of both adaptive and innate immune responses in AIT tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of trained immunity (TRIM) in allergic diseases and AIT.
  • To investigate how TRIM mechanisms in innate immune cells contribute to allergy development and prevention.
  • To identify potential targets for novel allergy vaccines based on TRIM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence linking TRIM to allergy and AIT.
  • Analysis of TRIM's role in early-life immune responses and environmental exposures.
  • Evaluation of TRIM-based vaccines and next-generation AIT strategies.

Main Results:

  • Maladaptive TRIM responses in early life may promote type 2 inflammation and allergy.
  • Exposure to certain environments and microbes can prevent allergy, partly via TRIM.
  • TRIM-based vaccines have demonstrated protective antiallergic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Trained immunity is a significant factor in allergy pathogenesis and AIT.
  • Understanding TRIM mechanisms can lead to new therapeutic approaches for allergic diseases.
  • Developing TRIM-based allergen vaccines holds promise for future allergy treatments.