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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Long-range spin-spin interactions enable scalable squeezing of quantum spin ensembles, enhancing metrologically useful entanglement.
  • Such squeezing is crucial for advancing quantum metrology and quantum information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the generation of scalable spin squeezing in 2D U(1)-symmetric systems using only short-range interactions.
  • To explore the role of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) critical phase in this phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of nonequilibrium dynamics in 2D U(1)-symmetric spin systems.
  • Investigation of systems initialized in a coherent spin state within the easy plane, corresponding to a thermal state in the BKT phase.
  • Examination of critical slowing down and its effect on collective magnetization decay.

Main Results:

  • Scalable squeezing can be achieved in 2D systems with short-range interactions, contrary to previous assumptions requiring long-range interactions.
  • Nonequilibrium dynamics exhibit critical slowing down, characterized by a power-law decay of collective magnetization.
  • The observed squeezing is protected by this slow decay, and its scaling directly reveals the magnetization decay exponent.

Conclusions:

  • Short-range interactions in 2D U(1)-symmetric systems can generate scalable spin squeezing, expanding possibilities for quantum metrology.
  • The BKT critical phase and associated critical slowing down are key mechanisms protecting the squeezing.
  • These findings pave the way for creating massive entangled states in platforms like ultracold atoms and superconducting circuits.