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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking
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Systems Engineering Approach Towards Sensitive Cellular Fluorine-19 MRI.

Jiawen Chen1, Piya Pal1, Eric T Ahrens2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorine-19 MRI (¹⁹F MRI) shows promise for cell detection. Innovations in tracer design and imaging methods significantly improve sensitivity and lower the limit of detection (LOD) for in vivo studies.

Keywords:
chelatecompressed sensingfluorine‐19image processingimmune cellsmachine learningnanoemulsionperfluorocarbonpulse sequencesignal‐to‐noise ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • In vivo fluorine-19 MRI (¹⁹F MRI) is versatile for biomedical applications, including immune and stem cell detection and biosensing.
  • Sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) are critical factors for successful in vivo ¹⁹F MRI studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the primary factors limiting cell LOD in in vivo ¹⁹F MRI.
  • To review recent advancements enhancing ¹⁹F MRI sensitivity and LOD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of factors influencing ¹⁹F MRI sensitivity, including tracer composition, cell type, cell activity, data acquisition/reconstruction, and hardware.
  • Review of innovations in molecular ¹⁹F tracer design.
  • Review of advancements in ¹⁹F MRI image acquisition and reconstruction techniques.

Main Results:

  • Achievable sensitivity is dependent on tracer, cell type, cell activity, acquisition/reconstruction methods, and MRI hardware.
  • Recent innovations have led to significant improvements in ¹⁹F MRI sensitivity.
  • Integration of new materials and methods can yield over a 10-fold improvement in LOD.

Conclusions:

  • Key factors influencing ¹⁹F MRI sensitivity and LOD have been identified.
  • Technological advancements offer substantial improvements in ¹⁹F MRI performance.
  • These developments are crucial for realizing the full clinical potential of ¹⁹F MRI in biomedical applications.