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Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Monolayer Magnetic Metal with Scalable Conductivity.

Oleg E Parfenov1, Dmitry V Averyanov1, Ivan S Sokolov1

  • 1National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered Gadolinium Aluminum Silicon (GdAlSi), a 2D magnet that remains metallic in a single monolayer. This scalable conductivity in 2D magnetic materials opens new avenues for spintronics and electronics.

Keywords:
2D magnetGdAlSianomalous Hall effectatomically thin metalmonolayer

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) magnets are crucial for quantum studies and spintronics.
  • A major challenge is creating metallic 2D magnets, as most become insulating at the monolayer limit.
  • Existing metallic 2D magnets like Fe3GeTe2 lose their conductivity at the monolayer scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic properties of the 2D magnet Gadolinium Aluminum Silicon (GdAlSi).
  • To determine if GdAlSi maintains its metallic state down to the monolayer limit.
  • To explore the potential of GdAlSi for spintronic and electronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Electron transport measurements were performed on GdAlSi.
  • Band structure analysis was conducted to understand the electronic properties.
  • The relationship between sheet conductance and the number of monolayers was investigated.

Main Results:

  • GdAlSi was confirmed to be a 2D magnet that remains metallic as a single monolayer.
  • Band structure analysis revealed GdAlSi to be an electride, potentially stabilizing its metallic state.
  • The sheet conductance of 2D GdAlSi showed a linear dependence on the number of monolayers, indicating scalable conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • GdAlSi is a novel 2D magnet with robust metallic properties at the monolayer level.
  • Its electride nature contributes to stable metallic conductivity, overcoming a key challenge in 2D magnetism.
  • The scalable conductivity and epitaxial integration with silicon position GdAlSi as a promising material for future electronics and spintronics.